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1. Connect your wallet with Connect Wallet (top-right). This dApp is configured for the Sepolia testnet — switch your wallet to Sepolia and use test ETH / AED-S.
2. Read the certificate panel: series name, face value (100 AED-S), total certificates, indicative profit and maturity.
3. Enter a number of certificates in the Purchase box and press Purchase — you pay the face value in the AED-S token.
4. If you hold the issuer role, type the lease income into Record income; the Shariah board then presses Approve income (Shariah) to clear it for distribution.
5. Press Distribute pool to open a distribution epoch, then Claim profit to receive your pro-rata AED-S share.
6. At maturity the issuer sells the underlying asset via Sell asset; certificate holders then press Redeem to get the face value back.

1. SukukVault.purchase() mints certificates at face value, paid in the MockStable AED-S token, capped by the series' exact certificate supply.
2. SukukVault.recordIncome() (issuer role, enforced by AccessControl) stores ijarah lease income in the pending pool — nothing is distributable yet.
3. SukukVault.approveIncome() (Shariah role) approves the income source; a smoothing share is withheld into the profit reserve before the pool grows.
4. SukukVault.distribute() snapshots each holder's certificates (via Checkpoints) and opens an epoch; claim() then pays out pro-rata by the snapshot.
5. At maturity SukukVault.sellUnderlying() fills the redemption pool from the asset sale and redeem() returns face value — early redemption is not allowed.

Boxes are the five on-chain stages — all executed by the SukukVault contract on Sepolia. Arrows show the AED-S payment / state flow.